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1TI 5:3-16

Honoring True Widows

3Do honor to widows who are truly widows. [5:4] But if a widow has children or grandchildren, let them first learn to show godliness toward their own household and to make some return to their parents, for this is pleasing in the sight of God. [5:5] She who is truly a widow, left alone, has set her hope on God and continues in supplications and prayers night and day, [5:6] but she who is living in self-indulgence is dead even while she lives. [5:7] Command these things as well, so that they may be above reproach. [5:8] But if anyone does not provide for his relatives, and especially for members of his household, he has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever. [5:9] Let a widow be enrolled if she is not less than sixty years of age, having been the wife of one husband, [5:10] and having a reputation for good works: if she has brought up children, has shown hospitality, has washed the feet of the saints, has cared for the afflicted, and has devoted herself to every good work. [5:11] But refuse to enroll younger widows, for when their passions draw them away from Christ, they desire to marry [5:12] and so incur condemnation for having abandoned their first pledge. [5:13] Besides that, they learn to be idlers, going about from house to house, and not only idlers, but also gossips and busybodies, saying what they should not. [5:14] So I would have younger widows marry, bear children, manage their households, and give the adversary no occasion for slander. [5:15] For some have already strayed after Satan. [5:16] If any believing woman has relatives who are widows, let her care for them. Let the assembly not be burdened, so that it may care for those who are truly widows.

In the world it was spoken into

In the 1st-century Greco-Roman world, widows were among the most vulnerable members of society, often lacking financial security and social standing. The household was the primary unit of economic and social support, and care for widows was expected to come from their children or grandchildren. The term (to honor) carried the concrete meaning of providing material support, not just abstract respect. Widows without family were particularly dependent on communal assistance, often relying on the synagogue or early Christian communities for sustenance. The term (to act piously) emphasized both reverence and practical care, especially toward parents or elders. Widows who lived in (self-indulgence) were seen as neglecting their responsibilities and dishonoring their family and community. The passage reflects the tension between familial obligations and communal care, urging families to fulfill their duties to avoid burdening the wider community. This was especially critical in urban settings like Ephesus, where the church was establishing its social identity.

See the receipts

How other translations render this

1TI 5:3

KJV
Honour widows that are widows indeed.
BSB
Honor the widows who are truly widows.
Koinōnos
Do honor to widows who are truly widows.

1TI 5:4

KJV
But if any widow have children or nephews, let them learn first to shew piety at home, and to requite their parents: for that is good and acceptable before God.
BSB
But if a widow has children or grandchildren, they must first learn to show godliness to their own family and repay their parents, for this is pleasing in the sight of God.
Koinōnos
But if a widow has children or grandchildren, let them first learn to show godliness toward their own household and to make some return to their parents, for this is pleasing in the sight of God.

1TI 5:5

KJV
Now she that is a widow indeed, and desolate, trusteth in God, and continueth in supplications and prayers night and day.
BSB
The widow who is truly in need and left all alone puts her hope in God and continues night and day in her petitions and prayers.
Koinōnos
She who is truly a widow, left alone, has set her hope on God and continues in supplications and prayers night and day,

1TI 5:6

KJV
But she that liveth in pleasure is dead while she liveth.
BSB
But she who lives for pleasure is dead even while she is still alive.
Koinōnos
but she who is living in self-indulgence is dead even while she lives.

1TI 5:7

KJV
And these things give in charge, that they may be blameless.
BSB
Give these instructions to the believers, so that they will be above reproach.
Koinōnos
Command these things as well, so that they may be above reproach.

1TI 5:8

KJV
But if any provide not for his own, and specially for those of his own house, he hath denied the faith, and is worse than an infidel.
BSB
If anyone does not provide for his own, and especially his own household, he has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever.
Koinōnos
But if anyone does not provide for his relatives, and especially for members of his household, he has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever.

1TI 5:9

KJV
Let not a widow be taken into the number under threescore years old, having been the wife of one man.
BSB
A widow should be enrolled if she is at least sixty years old, faithful to her husband,
Koinōnos
Let a widow be enrolled if she is not less than sixty years of age, having been the wife of one husband,

1TI 5:10

KJV
Well reported of for good works; if she have brought up children, if she have lodged strangers, if she have washed the saints’ feet, if she have relieved the afflicted, if she have diligently followed every good work.
BSB
and well known for good deeds such as bringing up children, entertaining strangers, washing the feet of the saints, imparting relief to the afflicted, and devoting herself to every good work.
Koinōnos
and having a reputation for good works: if she has brought up children, has shown hospitality, has washed the feet of the saints, has cared for the afflicted, and has devoted herself to every good work.

1TI 5:11

KJV
But the younger widows refuse: for when they have begun to wax wanton against Christ, they will marry;
BSB
But refuse to enroll younger widows. For when their passions draw them away from Christ, they will want to marry,
Koinōnos
But refuse to enroll younger widows, for when their passions draw them away from Christ, they desire to marry

1TI 5:12

KJV
Having damnation, because they have cast off their first faith.
BSB
and thus will incur judgment because they are setting aside their first faith.
Koinōnos
and so incur condemnation for having abandoned their first pledge.

1TI 5:13

KJV
And withal they learn to be idle, wandering about from house to house; and not only idle, but tattlers also and busybodies, speaking things which they ought not.
BSB
At the same time they will also learn to be idle, going from house to house and being not only idle, but also gossips and busybodies, discussing things they should not mention.
Koinōnos
Besides that, they learn to be idlers, going about from house to house, and not only idlers, but also gossips and busybodies, saying what they should not.

1TI 5:14

KJV
I will therefore that the younger women marry, bear children, guide the house, give none occasion to the adversary to speak reproachfully.
BSB
So I advise the younger widows to marry, have children, and manage their households, denying the adversary occasion for slander.
Koinōnos
So I would have younger widows marry, bear children, manage their households, and give the adversary no occasion for slander.

1TI 5:15

KJV
For some are already turned aside after Satan.
BSB
For some have already turned aside to follow Satan.
Koinōnos
For some have already strayed after Satan.

1TI 5:16

KJV
If any man or woman that believeth have widows, let them relieve them, and let not the church be charged; that it may relieve them that are widows indeed.
BSB
If any believing woman has dependent widows, she must assist them and not allow the church to be burdened, so that it can help the widows who are truly in need.
Koinōnos
If any believing woman has relatives who are widows, let her care for them. Let the assembly not be burdened, so that it may care for those who are truly widows.

Only verses where the wording diverges meaningfully are shown. Identical phrasings are suppressed.

Where the historical framing draws from

  • Josephus, WarsWars 2.8.6
Josephus, Wars Wars 2.8.6

to assist those that want it, and to show mercy; for they are permitted of their own accord to afford succor to such as deserve it, when they stand in need of it, and to bestow food on those that are in distress

Cited to ground: to assist those that want it, and to show mercy; for they are permitted of their own accord to afford succor to such as deserve it, when they stand in need of it, and to bestow food on those that are in distress

Translator's notes

1TI 5:3

  • do honor:The word translated 'do honor' here implies not just respect, but also providing material support and care, especially for those in need.

1TI 5:4

  • to be devout:The term 'to be devout' refers to showing practical piety and reverence, particularly through actions that demonstrate care and respect for family and God.
  • to parents;:The word translated 'parents' can also encompass ancestors or forefathers, highlighting a broader sense of familial lineage and responsibility.

1TI 5:6

  • living in self-indulgence:The phrase 'living in self-indulgence' describes a life of excessive luxury and unrestrained pleasure, often implying moral laxity and a lack of discipline.