κοινωνός
← κοινωνός

2PE 2:1-22

Deliverance from False Prophets

1But there were also false prophets among the people, as also among you there will be false teachers, who will stealthily introduce heresies of destruction, even denying the Master who bought them — bringing upon themselves imminent destruction. [2:2] And many will follow after their sensuality, through whom the way of truth will be denigrated. [2:3] And through covetousness, with fabricated words, they will exploit you — for whom the judgment of long ago is not idle, and their destruction does not slumber. [2:4] For if God did not spare angels who sinned, but casting them to Tartarus in chains of gloomy darkness delivered them over, being kept for judgment — [2:5] and did not spare the ancient world, but preserved Noah, a herald of righteousness, one of eight, having brought a flood upon the world of the ungodly — [2:6] and condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, having reduced them to ashes by destruction, having set them as an example of what is coming for the ungodly — [2:7] and rescued righteous Lot, being distressed by the sensual conduct of the lawless — [2:8] for that righteous man, dwelling among them, day after day was tormenting his righteous soul with their lawless deeds through seeing and hearing — [2:9] then the Lord knows how to deliver the devout out of temptation, and to keep the unrighteous being punished unto the day of judgment, [2:10] especially those walking after the flesh in the passion of defilement and despising authority. Bold, self-willed, they do not tremble blaspheming the glorious ones, [2:11] whereas angels, being greater in strength and power, do not bring a blasphemous judgment against them. [2:12] But these, like irrational animals born as creatures of instinct for capture and destruction, blaspheming in what they do not understand, will also be destroyed in their destruction — [2:13] being wronged as the wage of wrongdoing. They count daytime revelry as pleasure. They are spots and blemishes, reveling in their deceptions while feasting together with you. [2:14] They have eyes full of adultery and insatiable for sin. They lure unstable souls. They have a heart trained in covetousness — children of a curse. [2:15] Forsaking the straight way they have gone astray, following the way of Balaam son of Bosor, who loved the wage of wrongdoing, [2:16] but was rebuked for his own transgression: a mute donkey, speaking with a human voice, restrained the madness of the prophet. [2:17] These are waterless springs and mists driven by a squall — the gloom of darkness has been reserved for them. [2:18] For speaking arrogant words of vanity, they entice in the desires of the flesh, in sensuality, those barely escaping from those who live in error — [2:19] promising them freedom while they themselves are slaves of decay; for by whatever a person is overcome, by that he is enslaved. [2:20] For if, having escaped the defilements of the world through the full knowledge of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, they are again entangled and overcome by these, the last state has become worse for them than the first. [2:21] For it would have been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness, than having known it, to turn back from the holy commandment delivered to them. [2:22] What the true proverb says has happened to them: 'The dog returns to its own vomit,' and, 'the sow, having washed, to wallowing in the mud.'

In the world it was spoken into

In the 1st century, the term (heresy) did not carry the same doctrinal weight as it does in later Christian theology. It referred to a chosen way of life or a philosophical school, often associated with distinct groups like the Pharisees, Sadducees, or Stoics. False teachers, described here, would have been understood as those promoting a divergent lifestyle or ideology, undermining the communal integrity of early Christian groups. The mention of Tartarus evokes a specific Greco-Roman mythological underworld reserved for divine beings, not humans, emphasizing the severity of divine judgment on these false leaders. The term (pleasure) often carried connotations of excessive indulgence, particularly in the context of Greco-Roman moral critique, where self-control was a virtue. The accusation of exploiting others through covetousness aligns with the widespread critique of sophists and charlatans who used persuasive speech for personal gain. The audience, familiar with both Jewish and Greco-Roman moral frameworks, would have recognized this as a warning against those who disrupt communal cohesion for selfish ends.

See the receipts

How other translations render this

2PE 2:1

KJV
But there were false prophets also among the people, even as there shall be false teachers among you, who privily shall bring in damnable heresies, even denying the Lord that bought them, and bring upon themselves swift destruction.
BSB
Now there were also false prophets among the people, just as there will be false teachers among you. They will secretly introduce destructive heresies, even denying the Master who bought them—bringing swift destruction on themselves.
Koinōnos
But there were also false prophets among the people, as also among you there will be false teachers, who will stealthily introduce heresies of destruction, even denying the Master who bought them — bringing upon themselves imminent destruction.

2PE 2:2

KJV
And many shall follow their pernicious ways; by reason of whom the way of truth shall be evil spoken of.
BSB
Many will follow in their depravity, and because of them the way of truth will be defamed.
Koinōnos
And many will follow after their sensuality, through whom the way of truth will be denigrated.

2PE 2:3

KJV
And through covetousness shall they with feigned words make merchandise of you: whose judgment now of a long time lingereth not, and their damnation slumbereth not.
BSB
In their greed, these false teachers will exploit you with deceptive words. The longstanding verdict against them remains in force, and their destruction does not sleep.
Koinōnos
And through covetousness, with fabricated words, they will exploit you — for whom the judgment of long ago is not idle, and their destruction does not slumber.

2PE 2:4

KJV
For if God spared not the angels that sinned, but cast them down to hell, and delivered them into chains of darkness, to be reserved unto judgment;
BSB
For if God did not spare the angels when they sinned, but cast them deep into hell, placing them in chains of darkness to be held for judgment;
Koinōnos
For if God did not spare angels who sinned, but casting them to Tartarus in chains of gloomy darkness delivered them over, being kept for judgment —

2PE 2:5

KJV
And spared not the old world, but saved Noah the eighth person, a preacher of righteousness, bringing in the flood upon the world of the ungodly;
BSB
if He did not spare the ancient world when He brought the flood on its ungodly people, but preserved Noah, a preacher of righteousness, among the eight;
Koinōnos
and did not spare the ancient world, but preserved Noah, a herald of righteousness, one of eight, having brought a flood upon the world of the ungodly —

2PE 2:6

KJV
And turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrha into ashes condemned them with an overthrow, making them an ensample unto those that after should live ungodly;
BSB
if He condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to destruction, reducing them to ashes as an example of what is coming on the ungodly;
Koinōnos
and condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, having reduced them to ashes by destruction, having set them as an example of what is coming for the ungodly —

2PE 2:7

KJV
And delivered just Lot, vexed with the filthy conversation of the wicked:
BSB
and if He rescued Lot, a righteous man distressed by the depraved conduct of the lawless
Koinōnos
and rescued righteous Lot, being distressed by the sensual conduct of the lawless —

2PE 2:8

KJV
(For that righteous man dwelling among them, in seeing and hearing, vexed his righteous soul from day to day with their unlawful deeds;)
BSB
(for that righteous man, living among them day after day, was tormented in his righteous soul by the lawless deeds he saw and heard)—
Koinōnos
for that righteous man, dwelling among them, day after day was tormenting his righteous soul with their lawless deeds through seeing and hearing —

2PE 2:9

KJV
The Lord knoweth how to deliver the godly out of temptations, and to reserve the unjust unto the day of judgment to be punished:
BSB
if all this is so, then the Lord knows how to rescue the godly from trials and to hold the unrighteous for punishment on the day of judgment.
Koinōnos
then the Lord knows how to deliver the devout out of temptation, and to keep the unrighteous being punished unto the day of judgment,

2PE 2:10

KJV
But chiefly them that walk after the flesh in the lust of uncleanness, and despise government. Presumptuous are they, selfwilled, they are not afraid to speak evil of dignities.
BSB
Such punishment is specially reserved for those who indulge the corrupt desires of the flesh and despise authority. Bold and self-willed, they are unafraid to slander glorious beings.
Koinōnos
especially those walking after the flesh in the passion of defilement and despising authority. Bold, self-willed, they do not tremble blaspheming the glorious ones,

2PE 2:11

KJV
Whereas angels, which are greater in power and might, bring not railing accusation against them before the Lord.
BSB
Yet not even angels, though greater in strength and power, dare to bring such slanderous charges against them before the Lord.
Koinōnos
whereas angels, being greater in strength and power, do not bring a blasphemous judgment against them.

2PE 2:12

KJV
But these, as natural brute beasts, made to be taken and destroyed, speak evil of the things that they understand not; and shall utterly perish in their own corruption;
BSB
These men are like irrational animals, creatures of instinct, born to be captured and destroyed. They blaspheme in matters they do not understand, and like such creatures, they too will be destroyed.
Koinōnos
But these, like irrational animals born as creatures of instinct for capture and destruction, blaspheming in what they do not understand, will also be destroyed in their destruction —

2PE 2:13

KJV
And shall receive the reward of unrighteousness, as they that count it pleasure to riot in the day time. Spots they are and blemishes, sporting themselves with their own deceivings while they feast with you;
BSB
The harm they will suffer is the wages of their wickedness. They consider it a pleasure to carouse in broad daylight. They are blots and blemishes, reveling in their deception as they feast with you.
Koinōnos
being wronged as the wage of wrongdoing. They count daytime revelry as pleasure. They are spots and blemishes, reveling in their deceptions while feasting together with you.

2PE 2:14

KJV
Having eyes full of adultery, and that cannot cease from sin; beguiling unstable souls: an heart they have exercised with covetous practices; cursed children:
BSB
Their eyes are full of adultery; their desire for sin is never satisfied; they seduce the unstable. They are accursed children with hearts trained in greed.
Koinōnos
They have eyes full of adultery and insatiable for sin. They lure unstable souls. They have a heart trained in covetousness — children of a curse.

2PE 2:15

KJV
Which have forsaken the right way, and are gone astray, following the way of Balaam the son of Bosor, who loved the wages of unrighteousness;
BSB
They have left the straight way and wandered off to follow the way of Balaam son of Beor, who loved the wages of wickedness.
Koinōnos
Forsaking the straight way they have gone astray, following the way of Balaam son of Bosor, who loved the wage of wrongdoing,

2PE 2:16

KJV
But was rebuked for his iniquity: the dumb ass speaking with man’s voice forbad the madness of the prophet.
BSB
But he was rebuked for his transgression by a donkey, otherwise without speech, that spoke with a manʼs voice and restrained the prophetʼs madness.
Koinōnos
but was rebuked for his own transgression: a mute donkey, speaking with a human voice, restrained the madness of the prophet.

2PE 2:17

KJV
These are wells without water, clouds that are carried with a tempest; to whom the mist of darkness is reserved for ever.
BSB
These men are springs without water and mists driven by a storm. Blackest darkness is reserved for them.
Koinōnos
These are waterless springs and mists driven by a squall — the gloom of darkness has been reserved for them.

2PE 2:18

KJV
For when they speak great swelling words of vanity, they allure through the lusts of the flesh, through much wantonness, those that were clean escaped from them who live in error.
BSB
With lofty but empty words, they appeal to the sensual passions of the flesh and entice those who are just escaping from others who live in error.
Koinōnos
For speaking arrogant words of vanity, they entice in the desires of the flesh, in sensuality, those barely escaping from those who live in error —

2PE 2:19

KJV
While they promise them liberty, they themselves are the servants of corruption: for of whom a man is overcome, of the same is he brought in bondage.
BSB
They promise them freedom, while they themselves are slaves to depravity. For a man is a slave to whatever has mastered him.
Koinōnos
promising them freedom while they themselves are slaves of decay; for by whatever a person is overcome, by that he is enslaved.

2PE 2:20

KJV
For if after they have escaped the pollutions of the world through the knowledge of the Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, they are again entangled therein, and overcome, the latter end is worse with them than the beginning.
BSB
If indeed they have escaped the corruption of the world through the knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, only to be entangled and overcome by it again, their final condition is worse than it was at first.
Koinōnos
For if, having escaped the defilements of the world through the full knowledge of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, they are again entangled and overcome by these, the last state has become worse for them than the first.

2PE 2:21

KJV
For it had been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness, than, after they have known it, to turn from the holy commandment delivered unto them.
BSB
It would have been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness than to have known it and then to turn away from the holy commandment passed on to them.
Koinōnos
For it would have been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness, than having known it, to turn back from the holy commandment delivered to them.

2PE 2:22

KJV
But it is happened unto them according to the true proverb, The dog is turned to his own vomit again; and the sow that was washed to her wallowing in the mire.
BSB
Of them the proverbs are true: “A dog returns to its vomit,” and, “A sow that is washed goes back to her wallowing in the mud.”
Koinōnos
What the true proverb says has happened to them: 'The dog returns to its own vomit,' and, 'the sow, having washed, to wallowing in the mud.

Only verses where the wording diverges meaningfully are shown. Identical phrasings are suppressed.

Where the historical framing draws from

  • Josephus, WarsWars 2.8.14
Josephus, Wars Wars 2.8.14

But then as to the two other orders at first mentioned, the Pharisees are those who are esteemed most skillful in the exact explication of their laws, and introduce the first sect. These ascribe all to fate [or providence], and to God, and yet allow, that to act what is right, or the contrary, is principally in the power of men, although fate does co-operate in every action. They say that all souls are incorruptible, but that the souls of good men only are removed into other bodies,--but that the souls of bad men are subject to eternal punishment. But the Sadducees are those that compose the s

Cited to ground: the Pharisees, Sadducees, or Stoics

Translator's notes

2PE 2:1

  • heresies:The word translated 'heresies' here refers to self-chosen opinions or factions that cause division, not necessarily doctrines deemed incorrect by a larger body.

2PE 2:4

  • to Tartarus:The term used here, 'to Tartarus,' refers to a mythical abyss in the underworld, a place of divine punishment for the most wicked, distinct from the general concept of Hades.

2PE 2:10

  • glorious ones:The phrase 'glorious ones' refers to beings of high status and honor, often understood in this context as angelic powers or other exalted spiritual entities.

2PE 2:13

  • [as] pleasure:The word translated '[as] pleasure' often carried a connotation of sensual or bodily gratification, sometimes with a negative moral implication of self-indulgence.