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ACT 28:16-31

Paul Preaches at Rome

16When we came into Rome, Paul was permitted to remain by himself with the soldier guarding him — to remain by himself with the soldier guarding him. [28:17] After three days it came to pass that he called together those who were the foremost of the Jews; and when they had assembled, he was saying to them: "Men, brothers, having done nothing contrary to the people or the ancestral customs, I was delivered as a prisoner from Jerusalem into the hands of the Romans. [28:18] Who, having examined me, were wanting to let me go, on account of not one cause of death existing in me. [28:19] But when the Jews were objecting, I was compelled to appeal to Caesar — not as having anything to accuse my nation of. [28:20] For this cause, therefore, I have called you to see and to speak with you; for it is because of the hope of Israel that I have this chain around me." [28:21] They said to him: "We ourselves have received no letters from Judea concerning you, nor has any of the brothers arriving here reported or said anything evil concerning you. [28:22] We deem it worthy, however, to hear from you what you think; for concerning this chosen way, it is known to us that everywhere it is spoken against." [28:23] Having appointed a day for him, many came to him at the lodging, to whom he was expounding, solemnly bearing full witness to the kingdom of God, and persuading them concerning Jesus from both the Law of Moses and the Prophets, from morning until evening. [28:24] And some were being persuaded by what was said, but others did not believe. [28:25] Disagreeing with one another, they were departing, Paul having said one statement: "The Holy Spirit spoke rightly through Isaiah the prophet to your fathers, [28:26] saying: 'Go to this people and say: In hearing you will hear and by no means understand, and seeing you will see and by no means perceive. [28:27] For the heart of this people has grown dull, and with their ears they heard heavily, and their eyes they closed — lest they should see with their eyes and hear with their ears and understand with their heart and turn, and I would heal them.' [28:28] Therefore let it be known to you that this salvation of God has been sent to the Gentiles — they also will hear." [28:29] And when he had said these things, the Jews departed, having much debate among themselves. [28:30] Paul remained two whole years in his own rented quarters, and was welcoming all those coming to him, [28:31] proclaiming the kingdom of God and teaching the things concerning the Lord Jesus Christ with all boldness, without hindrance.

In the world it was spoken into

In Acts 28:16-31, Paul arrives in Rome as a prisoner under house arrest, a common Roman practice for detainees of higher status or those awaiting trial. He is allowed to stay in his own rented quarters, guarded by a soldier, reflecting Rome’s pragmatic approach to custody. Paul’s immediate action is to summon the Jewish leaders, a strategic move given their influence in the Roman Jewish community. His declaration that he has done nothing against the Jewish people or customs aligns with his defense in earlier trials, emphasizing his adherence to Jewish law while asserting his innocence. The term (sect) used to describe the Way would have been understood neutrally as a philosophical or religious school, not yet carrying the negative connotations it later acquired. Paul’s preaching in Rome, both to Jews and Gentiles, underscores the universal scope of his mission, set against the backdrop of Rome’s cosmopolitan and religiously diverse environment.

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How other translations render this

ACT 28:16

KJV
And when we came to Rome, the centurion delivered the prisoners to the captain of the guard: but Paul was suffered to dwell by himself with a soldier that kept him.
BSB
When we arrived in Rome, Paul was permitted to stay by himself, with a soldier to guard him.
Koinōnos
When we came into Rome, Paul was permitted to remain by himself with the soldier guarding him — to remain by himself with the soldier guarding him.

ACT 28:17

KJV
And it came to pass, that after three days Paul called the chief of the Jews together: and when they were come together, he said unto them, Men and brethren, though I have committed nothing against the people, or customs of our fathers, yet was I delivered prisoner from Jerusalem into the hands of the Romans.
BSB
After three days, he called together the leaders of the Jews. When they had gathered, he said to them, “Brothers, although I have done nothing against our people or the customs of our fathers, I was taken prisoner in Jerusalem and handed over to the Romans.
Koinōnos
After three days it came to pass that he called together those who were the foremost of the Jews; and when they had assembled, he was saying to them: "Men, brothers, having done nothing contrary to the people or the ancestral customs, I was delivered as a prisoner from Jerusalem into the hands of the Romans.

ACT 28:18

KJV
Who, when they had examined me, would have let me go, because there was no cause of death in me.
BSB
They examined me and wanted to release me, because there was no basis for a death sentence against me.
Koinōnos
Who, having examined me, were wanting to let me go, on account of not one cause of death existing in me.

ACT 28:19

KJV
But when the Jews spake against it, I was constrained to appeal unto Caesar; not that I had ought to accuse my nation of.
BSB
But when the Jews objected, I was compelled to appeal to Caesar, even though I have no charge to bring against my nation.
Koinōnos
But when the Jews were objecting, I was compelled to appeal to Caesar — not as having anything to accuse my nation of.

ACT 28:20

KJV
For this cause therefore have I called for you, to see you, and to speak with you: because that for the hope of Israel I am bound with this chain.
BSB
So for this reason I have called to see you and speak with you. It is because of the hope of Israel that I am bound with this chain.”
Koinōnos
For this cause, therefore, I have called you to see and to speak with you; for it is because of the hope of Israel that I have this chain around me.

ACT 28:21

KJV
And they said unto him, We neither received letters out of Judaea concerning thee, neither any of the brethren that came shewed or spake any harm of thee.
BSB
The leaders replied, “We have not received any letters about you from Judea, nor have any of the brothers from there reported or even mentioned anything bad about you.
Koinōnos
They said to him: "We ourselves have received no letters from Judea concerning you, nor has any of the brothers arriving here reported or said anything evil concerning you.

ACT 28:22

KJV
But we desire to hear of thee what thou thinkest: for as concerning this sect, we know that every where it is spoken against.
BSB
But we consider your views worth hearing, because we know that people everywhere are speaking against this sect.”
Koinōnos
We deem it worthy, however, to hear from you what you think; for concerning this chosen way, it is known to us that everywhere it is spoken against.

ACT 28:23

KJV
And when they had appointed him a day, there came many to him into his lodging; to whom he expounded and testified the kingdom of God, persuading them concerning Jesus, both out of the law of Moses, and out of the prophets, from morning till evening.
BSB
So they set a day to meet with Paul, and many people came to the place he was staying. He expounded to them from morning to evening, testifying about the kingdom of God and persuading them about Jesus from the Law of Moses and the Prophets.
Koinōnos
Having appointed a day for him, many came to him at the lodging, to whom he was expounding, solemnly bearing full witness to the kingdom of God, and persuading them concerning Jesus from both the Law of Moses and the Prophets, from morning until evening.

ACT 28:24

KJV
And some believed the things which were spoken, and some believed not.
BSB
Some of them were convinced by what he said, but others refused to believe.
Koinōnos
And some were being persuaded by what was said, but others did not believe.

ACT 28:25

KJV
And when they agreed not among themselves, they departed, after that Paul had spoken one word, Well spake the Holy Ghost by Esaias the prophet unto our fathers,
BSB
They disagreed among themselves and began to leave after Paul had made this final statement: “The Holy Spirit was right when He spoke to your fathers through Isaiah the prophet:
Koinōnos
Disagreeing with one another, they were departing, Paul having said one statement: "The Holy Spirit spoke rightly through Isaiah the prophet to your fathers,

ACT 28:26

KJV
Saying, Go unto this people, and say, Hearing ye shall hear, and shall not understand; and seeing ye shall see, and not perceive:
BSB
‘Go to this people and say, “You will be ever hearing but never understanding; you will be ever seeing but never perceiving.”
Koinōnos
saying: 'Go to this people and say: In hearing you will hear and by no means understand, and seeing you will see and by no means perceive.

ACT 28:27

KJV
For the heart of this people is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing, and their eyes have they closed; lest they should see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their heart, and should be converted, and I should heal them.
BSB
For this peopleʼs heart has grown callous; they hardly hear with their ears, and they have closed their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn, and I would heal them.’
Koinōnos
For the heart of this people has grown dull, and with their ears they heard heavily, and their eyes they closed — lest they should see with their eyes and hear with their ears and understand with their heart and turn, and I would heal them.

ACT 28:28

KJV
Be it known therefore unto you, that the salvation of God is sent unto the Gentiles, and that they will hear it.
BSB
Be advised, therefore, that Godʼs salvation has been sent to the Gentiles, and they will listen!”
Koinōnos
Therefore let it be known to you that this salvation of God has been sent to the Gentiles — they also will hear.

ACT 28:29

KJV
And when he had said these words, the Jews departed, and had great reasoning among themselves.
Koinōnos
And when he had said these things, the Jews departed, having much debate among themselves.

ACT 28:30

KJV
And Paul dwelt two whole years in his own hired house, and received all that came in unto him,
BSB
Paul stayed there two full years in his own rented house, welcoming all who came to visit him.
Koinōnos
Paul remained two whole years in his own rented quarters, and was welcoming all those coming to him,

ACT 28:31

KJV
Preaching the kingdom of God, and teaching those things which concern the Lord Jesus Christ, with all confidence, no man forbidding him.
BSB
Boldly and freely he proclaimed the kingdom of God and taught about the Lord Jesus Christ.
Koinōnos
proclaiming the kingdom of God and teaching the things concerning the Lord Jesus Christ with all boldness, without hindrance.

Only verses where the wording diverges meaningfully are shown. Identical phrasings are suppressed.

Where the historical framing draws from

  • Josephus, AntiquitiesAntiquities 18.1.2
Josephus, Antiquities Antiquities 18.1.2

The Jews had for a great while had three sects of philosophy peculiar to themselves; the sect of the Essens, and the sect of the Sadducees, and the third sort of opinions was that of those called Pharisees

Cited to ground: The term (sect) used to describe the Way would have been understood neutrally as a philosophical or religious school

Translator's notes

ACT 28:16

  • the:The word translated 'the' here is actually a verb meaning 'to permit' or 'to allow.' It indicates that Paul was granted permission to live separately, rather than being held in a common prison.

ACT 28:17

  • Jews:The word translated 'Jews' here is actually an adjective meaning 'first' or 'foremost.' In this context, it emphasizes that Paul first called together the leading men among the Jewish community in Rome.

ACT 28:22

  • sect:The term translated 'sect' here originally referred to a chosen course of thought or way of life, often implying a philosophical school or party. It did not necessarily carry the negative connotation of a schismatic group that it might today.

ACT 28:23

  • fully testifying:The phrase 'fully testifying' conveys the intensity of the original word, which means to bear witness with solemnity and earnestness, often with an appeal to a higher authority or a strong protestation.