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EPH 4:17-32

New Life in Christ

17This, therefore, I say and testify in the Lord: no longer walk as the Gentiles also walk, in the futility of their mind, [4:18] having been darkened in their understanding, alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them, on account of the hardness of their heart — [4:19] who, having become callous, gave themselves over to sensuality, for the practice of every impurity in greediness. [4:20] But you yourselves did not learn Christ this way — [4:21] if indeed you heard Him and were taught in Him, even as truth is in Jesus — [4:22] that you put off, concerning the former way of life, the old man which is being corrupted according to the desires of deceit, [4:23] and to be renewed in the spirit of your mind, [4:24] and to put on the new man, the one created according to God in righteousness and holiness of truth. [4:25] Therefore, having put off falsehood, speak truth each one with his neighbor, because we are members of one another. [4:26] Be angry and do not sin; do not let the sun set upon your anger, [4:27] and give no opportunity to the devil. [4:28] The one who is stealing, let him steal no longer; rather let him toil, working with his own hands what is good, so that he may have something to impart to the one having need. [4:29] Let no unwholesome word go forth out of your mouth, but if any is good for edification suited to the need, so that it may give grace to those who hear. [4:30] And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, by whom you were sealed for the day of redemption. [4:31] Let all bitterness and rage and anger and clamor and slander be removed from you, along with all malice. [4:32] And be kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, just as God also in Christ forgave you — yes, you.

In the world it was spoken into

In Ephesus, a bustling Roman port city with a mix of Gentile and Jewish populations, this passage addresses Gentile converts who have left their former way of life. The 'futility of the mind' reflects the Greco-Roman philosophical critique of aimless living, often tied to Epicurean or Stoic debates about purpose. Gentile listeners would recognize the critique of 'sensuality' and 'impurity' as common in Roman moral discourse, where excess and indulgence were both celebrated and condemned. The phrase 'having cast off all feeling' evokes a hardened, desensitized state, familiar in a culture where public spectacles of violence and exploitation were normalized. The call to 'put off the old self' and 'put on the new self' echoes Roman household codes, where identity was tied to one's role and behavior. For Jewish listeners, the emphasis on truth, righteousness, and holiness aligns with Torah ethics, while the warning against 'unwholesome talk' resonates with Jewish teachings on the power of speech. The passage assumes a community navigating the tension between their former Gentile identity and their new life in Christ.

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How other translations render this

EPH 4:17

KJV
This I say therefore, and testify in the Lord, that ye henceforth walk not as other Gentiles walk, in the vanity of their mind,
BSB
So I tell you this, and insist on it in the Lord, that you must no longer walk as the Gentiles do, in the futility of their thinking.
Koinōnos
This, therefore, I say and testify in the Lord: no longer walk as the Gentiles also walk, in the futility of their mind,

EPH 4:18

KJV
Having the understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God through the ignorance that is in them, because of the blindness of their heart:
BSB
They are darkened in their understanding and alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them due to the hardness of their hearts.
Koinōnos
having been darkened in their understanding, alienated from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them, on account of the hardness of their heart —

EPH 4:19

KJV
Who being past feeling have given themselves over unto lasciviousness, to work all uncleanness with greediness.
BSB
Having lost all sense of shame, they have given themselves over to sensuality for the practice of every kind of impurity, with a craving for more.
Koinōnos
who, having become callous, gave themselves over to sensuality, for the practice of every impurity in greediness.

EPH 4:20

KJV
But ye have not so learned Christ;
BSB
But this is not the way you came to know Christ.
Koinōnos
But you yourselves did not learn Christ this way —

EPH 4:21

KJV
If so be that ye have heard him, and have been taught by him, as the truth is in Jesus:
BSB
Surely you heard of Him and were taught in Him—in keeping with the truth that is in Jesus—
Koinōnos
if indeed you heard Him and were taught in Him, even as truth is in Jesus —

EPH 4:22

KJV
That ye put off concerning the former conversation the old man, which is corrupt according to the deceitful lusts;
BSB
to put off your former way of life, your old self, which is being corrupted by its deceitful desires;
Koinōnos
that you put off, concerning the former way of life, the old man which is being corrupted according to the desires of deceit,

EPH 4:23

KJV
And be renewed in the spirit of your mind;
BSB
to be renewed in the spirit of your minds;
Koinōnos
and to be renewed in the spirit of your mind,

EPH 4:24

KJV
And that ye put on the new man, which after God is created in righteousness and true holiness.
BSB
and to put on the new self, created to be like God in true righteousness and holiness.
Koinōnos
and to put on the new man, the one created according to God in righteousness and holiness of truth.

EPH 4:25

KJV
Wherefore putting away lying, speak every man truth with his neighbour: for we are members one of another.
BSB
Therefore each of you must put off falsehood and speak truthfully to his neighbor, for we are all members of one another.
Koinōnos
Therefore, having put off falsehood, speak truth each one with his neighbor, because we are members of one another.

EPH 4:26

KJV
Be ye angry, and sin not: let not the sun go down upon your wrath:
BSB
“Be angry, yet do not sin.” Do not let the sun set upon your anger,
Koinōnos
Be angry and do not sin; do not let the sun set upon your anger,

EPH 4:27

KJV
Neither give place to the devil.
BSB
and do not give the devil a foothold.
Koinōnos
and give no opportunity to the devil.

EPH 4:28

KJV
Let him that stole steal no more: but rather let him labour, working with his hands the thing which is good, that he may have to give to him that needeth.
BSB
He who has been stealing must steal no longer, but must work, doing good with his own hands, that he may have something to share with the one in need.
Koinōnos
The one who is stealing, let him steal no longer; rather let him toil, working with his own hands what is good, so that he may have something to impart to the one having need.

EPH 4:29

KJV
Let no corrupt communication proceed out of your mouth, but that which is good to the use of edifying, that it may minister grace unto the hearers.
BSB
Let no unwholesome talk come out of your mouths, but only what is helpful for building up the one in need and bringing grace to those who listen.
Koinōnos
Let no unwholesome word go forth out of your mouth, but if any is good for edification suited to the need, so that it may give grace to those who hear.

EPH 4:30

KJV
And grieve not the holy Spirit of God, whereby ye are sealed unto the day of redemption.
BSB
And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, in whom you were sealed for the day of redemption.
Koinōnos
And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, by whom you were sealed for the day of redemption.

EPH 4:31

KJV
Let all bitterness, and wrath, and anger, and clamour, and evil speaking, be put away from you, with all malice:
BSB
Get rid of all bitterness, rage and anger, outcry and slander, along with every form of malice.
Koinōnos
Let all bitterness and rage and anger and clamor and slander be removed from you, along with all malice.

EPH 4:32

KJV
And be ye kind one to another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, even as God for Christ’s sake hath forgiven you.
BSB
Be kind and tenderhearted to one another, forgiving each other just as in Christ God forgave you.
Koinōnos
And be kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, just as God also in Christ forgave you — yes, you.

Only verses where the wording diverges meaningfully are shown. Identical phrasings are suppressed.

Translator's notes

EPH 4:17

  • in:The word translated 'futility' here describes something that is empty, vain, or purposeless, like a life lived without meaning or lasting value.

EPH 4:19

  • having cast off all feeling:The phrase translated 'having cast off all feeling' describes a state of becoming numb or callous, losing the capacity for moral sensitivity or shame.

EPH 4:22

  • way of life:The term translated 'way of life' refers to one's conduct, behavior, or manner of living, encompassing their entire pattern of actions and interactions.

EPH 4:29

  • unwholesome:The word translated 'unwholesome' literally means rotten, decayed, or corrupt, often used for fruit or wood that is no longer good or useful.