1For this Melchizedek — king of Salem, priest of God the Most High — having met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings and having blessed him, [7:2] to whom also a tenth from all things Abraham apportioned — first indeed, being translated, 'king of righteousness,' and then also king of Salem, which is king of peace — [7:3] without father, without mother, without genealogy, having neither beginning of days nor end of life, but made like the Son of God, he remains a priest unto all time. [7:4] Consider, now, how great this one was, to whom Abraham the patriarch — the patriarch — gave a tenth out of the choicest spoils. [7:5] And those indeed from the sons of Levi who receive the priestly office have a commandment to take tithes from the people according to the law, that is, from their brothers, though having come out of the loin of Abraham. [7:6] But the one not tracing his ancestry from them has collected a tenth from Abraham and has blessed the one having the promises. [7:7] Now apart from all dispute, the inferior is blessed by the superior. [7:8] And here indeed dying men receive tithes, but there it is testified that he lives on. [7:9] And so to speak, through Abraham even Levi, the one receiving tithes, has paid the tithe — [7:10] for he was still in the loin of his father when Melchizedek met him.
HEB 7:1-10
Melchizedek and Abraham
In the world it was spoken into
In the 1st-century Jewish and Greco-Roman world, genealogies were central to establishing legitimacy, especially for priests and kings. Melchizedek’s lack of recorded lineage would have been striking, as priestly roles in Second-Temple Judaism were hereditary, tied to the Levitical line. His titles—'king of righteousness' and 'king of peace'—would have resonated with Jewish messianic expectations and Roman imperial ideology, where rulers claimed to bring justice and peace. Abraham’s act of giving Melchizedek a tenth of the spoils reflects the ancient Near Eastern custom of tithing to honor divine intermediaries. This gesture also elevates Melchizedek above Abraham, the patriarch, and by extension, above Levi and his descendants. The mention of the 'loins' underscores the biological connection of Levi’s priesthood, contrasting with Melchizedek’s eternal priesthood, which lacks such earthly origins. For Jewish listeners, this would challenge the Levitical system’s supremacy, while Gentile readers might see Melchizedek as a universal priestly figure transcending ethnic and genealogical boundaries.
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How other translations render this
HEB 7:1
- KJV
- For this Melchisedec, king of Salem, priest of the most high God, who met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings, and blessed him;
- BSB
- This Melchizedek was king of Salem and priest of God Most High. He met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings and blessed him,
- Koinōnos
- For this Melchizedek — king of Salem, priest of God the Most High — having met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings and having blessed him,
HEB 7:2
- KJV
- To whom also Abraham gave a tenth part of all; first being by interpretation King of righteousness, and after that also King of Salem, which is, King of peace;
- BSB
- and Abraham apportioned to him a tenth of everything. First, his name means “king of righteousness.” Then also, “king of Salem” means “king of peace.”
- Koinōnos
- to whom also a tenth from all things Abraham apportioned — first indeed, being translated, 'king of righteousness,' and then also king of Salem, which is king of peace —
HEB 7:3
- KJV
- Without father, without mother, without descent, having neither beginning of days, nor end of life; but made like unto the Son of God; abideth a priest continually.
- BSB
- Without father or mother or genealogy, without beginning of days or end of life, like the Son of God, he remains a priest for all time.
- Koinōnos
- without father, without mother, without genealogy, having neither beginning of days nor end of life, but made like the Son of God, he remains a priest unto all time.
HEB 7:4
- KJV
- Now consider how great this man was, unto whom even the patriarch Abraham gave the tenth of the spoils.
- BSB
- Consider how great Melchizedek was: Even the patriarch Abraham gave him a tenth of the plunder.
- Koinōnos
- Consider, now, how great this one was, to whom Abraham the patriarch — the patriarch — gave a tenth out of the choicest spoils.
HEB 7:5
- KJV
- And verily they that are of the sons of Levi, who receive the office of the priesthood, have a commandment to take tithes of the people according to the law, that is, of their brethren, though they come out of the loins of Abraham:
- BSB
- Now the law commands the sons of Levi who become priests to collect a tenth from the people—that is, from their brothers—though they too are descended from Abraham.
- Koinōnos
- And those indeed from the sons of Levi who receive the priestly office have a commandment to take tithes from the people according to the law, that is, from their brothers, though having come out of the loin of Abraham.
HEB 7:6
- KJV
- But he whose descent is not counted from them received tithes of Abraham, and blessed him that had the promises.
- BSB
- But Melchizedek, who did not trace his descent from Levi, collected a tenth from Abraham and blessed him who had the promises.
- Koinōnos
- But the one not tracing his ancestry from them has collected a tenth from Abraham and has blessed the one having the promises.
HEB 7:7
- KJV
- And without all contradiction the less is blessed of the better.
- BSB
- And indisputably, the lesser is blessed by the greater.
- Koinōnos
- Now apart from all dispute, the inferior is blessed by the superior.
HEB 7:8
- KJV
- And here men that die receive tithes; but there he receiveth them, of whom it is witnessed that he liveth.
- BSB
- In the case of the Levites, mortal men collect the tenth; but in the case of Melchizedek, it is affirmed that he lives on.
- Koinōnos
- And here indeed dying men receive tithes, but there it is testified that he lives on.
HEB 7:9
- KJV
- And as I may so say, Levi also, who receiveth tithes, payed tithes in Abraham.
- BSB
- And so to speak, Levi, who collects the tenth, paid the tenth through Abraham.
- Koinōnos
- And so to speak, through Abraham even Levi, the one receiving tithes, has paid the tithe —
HEB 7:10
- KJV
- For he was yet in the loins of his father, when Melchisedec met him.
- BSB
- For when Melchizedek met Abraham, Levi was still in the loin of his ancestor.
- Koinōnos
- for he was still in the loin of his father when Melchizedek met him.
Only verses where the wording diverges meaningfully are shown. Identical phrasings are suppressed.
Translator's notes
HEB 7:1
- slaughter:The word translated 'slaughter' here refers to a violent cutting down or butchering, often in the context of battle or sacrifice, emphasizing a decisive and destructive act.
HEB 7:3
- without genealogy,:The phrase translated 'without genealogy' indicates that Melchizedek's lineage was not recorded or known, which was highly unusual and significant in a culture that placed great importance on ancestral records.
HEB 7:4
- the:The word translated 'the' in 'the best of the spoils' actually refers to the choicest part of the spoils, specifically the first-fruits or the top portion of a heap, indicating the most valuable share.
HEB 7:5
- loin:The term translated 'loin' refers to the lower back and hip area, often used metaphorically in ancient texts to represent the source of procreation and descendants.