11And he said, "A certain man had two sons. [15:12] And the younger of them said to the father, 'Father, give me the share of the estate that falls to me.' And he divided his entire substance between them. [15:13] And not many days later, the younger son gathered everything together and traveled to a distant region, and there he squandered his estate living prodigally — beyond recovery. [15:14] When he had spent everything, a severe famine came over that region, and he began to be in need. [15:15] And he went and attached himself to one of the citizens of that region, and he sent him into his fields to feed pigs. [15:16] And he was longing to fill his belly from the carob pods the pigs were eating, and no one was giving him anything. [15:17] But coming to himself, he said, 'How many hired day-laborers of my father's have bread more than enough, and I am perishing here with hunger! [15:18] I will rise and go to my father, and I will say to him: Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you; [15:19] I am no longer worthy to be called your son — make me as one of your hired day-laborers.' [15:20] And he rose and came to his father. But while he was still far off, his father saw him and was seized with gut-wrenching compassion, and ran and fell on his neck and kissed him fervently. [15:21] And the son said to him, 'Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you — I am no longer worthy to be called your son.' [15:22] But the father said to his slaves, 'Bring out quickly the best robe and put it on him, and put a ring on his hand and sandals on his feet, [15:23] and bring the fattened calf, slaughter it, and let us eat and celebrate, [15:24] because this son of mine was dead and came to life again; he was lost and is found.' And they began to celebrate. [15:25] Now his older son was in the field, and as he came near the house he heard music and dancing. [15:26] And calling over one of the servants, he inquired what these things might mean. [15:27] He told him, 'Your brother has come, and your father slaughtered the fattened calf, because he received him back healthy.' [15:28] But he became angry and refused to go in. Then his father came out and was appealing to him. [15:29] But he answered and said to his father, 'Look — so many years I have been serving you, and never transgressed your command, yet you never gave me a young goat so I might celebrate with my friends. [15:30] But when this son of yours who devoured your livelihood with prostitutes came, you slaughtered the fattened calf for him.' [15:31] And he said to him, 'Child, you are always with me, and everything that is mine is yours. [15:32] But it was necessary to celebrate and rejoice, because this brother of yours was dead and came to life, and was lost and is found.'"
LUK 15:11-32
The Parable of the Prodigal Son
In the world it was spoken into
In the 1st-century Mediterranean world, inheritance customs were deeply tied to family honor and economic stability. A father’s estate was typically divided at his death, but a son demanding his share prematurely would have been seen as deeply disrespectful, effectively wishing the father dead. The younger son’s subsequent squandering of his inheritance in a distant land would have been viewed as both reckless and shameful, as wealth was tied to family honor. His descent into poverty and hiring himself out as a day laborer would have been humiliating, as such work was often reserved for the lowest social strata. The father’s response—running to embrace his son—would have shocked listeners, as running was considered undignified for an elder. The elder son’s anger reflects the honor-shame dynamics of the time, where public recognition of loyalty mattered deeply. The father’s compassion underscores a radical redefinition of familial honor, prioritizing restoration over societal expectations.
›See the receipts
How other translations render this
LUK 15:11
- KJV
- And he said, A certain man had two sons:
- BSB
- Then Jesus said, “There was a man who had two sons.
- Koinōnos
- And he said, "A certain man had two sons.
LUK 15:12
- KJV
- And the younger of them said to his father, Father, give me the portion of goods that falleth to me. And he divided unto them his living.
- BSB
- The younger son said to him, ‘Father, give me my share of the estate.’ So he divided his property between them.
- Koinōnos
- And the younger of them said to the father, 'Father, give me the share of the estate that falls to me.' And he divided his entire substance between them.
LUK 15:13
- KJV
- And not many days after the younger son gathered all together, and took his journey into a far country, and there wasted his substance with riotous living.
- BSB
- After a few days, the younger son got everything together and journeyed to a distant country, where he squandered his wealth in wild living.
- Koinōnos
- And not many days later, the younger son gathered everything together and traveled to a distant region, and there he squandered his estate living prodigally — beyond recovery.
LUK 15:14
- KJV
- And when he had spent all, there arose a mighty famine in that land; and he began to be in want.
- BSB
- After he had spent all he had, a severe famine swept through that country, and he began to be in need.
- Koinōnos
- When he had spent everything, a severe famine came over that region, and he began to be in need.
LUK 15:15
- KJV
- And he went and joined himself to a citizen of that country; and he sent him into his fields to feed swine.
- BSB
- So he went and hired himself out to a citizen of that country, who sent him into his fields to feed the pigs.
- Koinōnos
- And he went and attached himself to one of the citizens of that region, and he sent him into his fields to feed pigs.
LUK 15:16
- KJV
- And he would fain have filled his belly with the husks that the swine did eat: and no man gave unto him.
- BSB
- He longed to fill his belly with the pods the pigs were eating, but no one would give him a thing.
- Koinōnos
- And he was longing to fill his belly from the carob pods the pigs were eating, and no one was giving him anything.
LUK 15:17
- KJV
- And when he came to himself, he said, How many hired servants of my father’s have bread enough and to spare, and I perish with hunger!
- BSB
- Finally he came to his senses and said, ‘How many of my fatherʼs hired servants have plenty of food? But here I am, starving to death!
- Koinōnos
- But coming to himself, he said, 'How many hired day-laborers of my father's have bread more than enough, and I am perishing here with hunger!
LUK 15:18
- KJV
- I will arise and go to my father, and will say unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven, and before thee,
- BSB
- I will get up and go back to my father and say to him, “Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you.
- Koinōnos
- I will rise and go to my father, and I will say to him: Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you;
LUK 15:19
- KJV
- And am no more worthy to be called thy son: make me as one of thy hired servants.
- BSB
- I am no longer worthy to be called your son. Make me like one of your hired servants.”’
- Koinōnos
- I am no longer worthy to be called your son — make me as one of your hired day-laborers.
LUK 15:20
- KJV
- And he arose, and came to his father. But when he was yet a great way off, his father saw him, and had compassion, and ran, and fell on his neck, and kissed him.
- BSB
- So he got up and went to his father. But while he was still in the distance, his father saw him and was filled with compassion. He ran to his son, embraced him, and kissed him.
- Koinōnos
- And he rose and came to his father. But while he was still far off, his father saw him and was seized with gut-wrenching compassion, and ran and fell on his neck and kissed him fervently.
LUK 15:21
- KJV
- And the son said unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven, and in thy sight, and am no more worthy to be called thy son.
- BSB
- The son declared, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you. I am no longer worthy to be called your son.’
- Koinōnos
- And the son said to him, 'Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you — I am no longer worthy to be called your son.
LUK 15:22
- KJV
- But the father said to his servants, Bring forth the best robe, and put it on him; and put a ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet:
- BSB
- But the father said to his servants, ‘Quick! Bring the best robe and put it on him. Put a ring on his finger and sandals on his feet.
- Koinōnos
- But the father said to his slaves, 'Bring out quickly the best robe and put it on him, and put a ring on his hand and sandals on his feet,
LUK 15:23
- KJV
- And bring hither the fatted calf, and kill it; and let us eat, and be merry:
- BSB
- Bring the fattened calf and kill it. Let us feast and celebrate.
- Koinōnos
- and bring the fattened calf, slaughter it, and let us eat and celebrate,
LUK 15:24
- KJV
- For this my son was dead, and is alive again; he was lost, and is found. And they began to be merry.
- BSB
- For this son of mine was dead and is alive again! He was lost and is found!’ So they began to celebrate.
- Koinōnos
- because this son of mine was dead and came to life again; he was lost and is found.' And they began to celebrate.
LUK 15:25
- KJV
- Now his elder son was in the field: and as he came and drew nigh to the house, he heard musick and dancing.
- BSB
- Meanwhile the older son was in the field, and as he approached the house, he heard music and dancing.
- Koinōnos
- Now his older son was in the field, and as he came near the house he heard music and dancing.
LUK 15:26
- KJV
- And he called one of the servants, and asked what these things meant.
- BSB
- So he called one of the servants and asked what was going on.
- Koinōnos
- And calling over one of the servants, he inquired what these things might mean.
LUK 15:27
- KJV
- And he said unto him, Thy brother is come; and thy father hath killed the fatted calf, because he hath received him safe and sound.
- BSB
- ‘Your brother has returned,’ he said, ‘and your father has killed the fattened calf, because he has him back safe and sound.’
- Koinōnos
- He told him, 'Your brother has come, and your father slaughtered the fattened calf, because he received him back healthy.
LUK 15:28
- KJV
- And he was angry, and would not go in: therefore came his father out, and intreated him.
- BSB
- The older son became angry and refused to go in. So his father came out and pleaded with him.
- Koinōnos
- But he became angry and refused to go in. Then his father came out and was appealing to him.
LUK 15:29
- KJV
- And he answering said to his father, Lo, these many years do I serve thee, neither transgressed I at any time thy commandment: and yet thou never gavest me a kid, that I might make merry with my friends:
- BSB
- But he answered his father, ‘Look, all these years I have served you and never disobeyed a commandment of yours. Yet you never gave me even a young goat so I could celebrate with my friends.
- Koinōnos
- But he answered and said to his father, 'Look — so many years I have been serving you, and never transgressed your command, yet you never gave me a young goat so I might celebrate with my friends.
LUK 15:30
- KJV
- But as soon as this thy son was come, which hath devoured thy living with harlots, thou hast killed for him the fatted calf.
- BSB
- But when this son of yours returns from squandering your wealth with prostitutes, you kill the fattened calf for him!’
- Koinōnos
- But when this son of yours who devoured your livelihood with prostitutes came, you slaughtered the fattened calf for him.
LUK 15:31
- KJV
- And he said unto him, Son, thou art ever with me, and all that I have is thine.
- BSB
- ‘Son, you are always with me,’ the father said, ‘and all that is mine is yours.
- Koinōnos
- And he said to him, 'Child, you are always with me, and everything that is mine is yours.
LUK 15:32
- KJV
- It was meet that we should make merry, and be glad: for this thy brother was dead, and is alive again; and was lost, and is found.
- BSB
- But it was fitting to celebrate and be glad, because this brother of yours was dead and is alive again; he was lost and is found.’”
- Koinōnos
- But it was necessary to celebrate and rejoice, because this brother of yours was dead and came to life, and was lost and is found.'
Only verses where the wording diverges meaningfully are shown. Identical phrasings are suppressed.
Translator's notes
LUK 15:12
- property.:The word translated 'property' here refers to one's entire estate or substance, encompassing all possessions and wealth, not just a portion of it.
LUK 15:13
- prodigally.:The term used here for 'prodigally' describes a way of living that is wasteful and extravagant to the point of being beyond recovery or past saving.
LUK 15:17
- hired servants:The word translated 'hired servants' refers to day laborers or hired workers who were paid for their service, distinct from household slaves who were considered property.
LUK 15:20
- was moved with compassion,:The phrase 'was moved with compassion' uses a word that literally refers to a deep, visceral feeling in one's intestines or bowels, indicating a profound and gut-wrenching pity.