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ROM 2:17-29

The Jews and the Law

17But if you call yourself a Jew and rest upon the law and boast in God [2:18] and know his will and approve what is excellent, being instructed from the law, [2:19] and if you are confident that you yourself are a guide to the blind, a light to those in darkness, [2:20] an instructor of the foolish, a teacher of children — having in the law the embodiment of knowledge and truth — [2:21] you then who teach others, do you not teach yourself? You who preach against stealing, do you steal? [2:22] You who say not to commit adultery, do you commit adultery? You who detest idols, do you rob temples? [2:23] You who boast in the law, do you dishonor God by breaking the law? [2:24] For, as it is written, "The name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you." [2:25] Circumcision is of value if you keep the law, but if you break the law, your circumcision has become uncircumcision. [2:26] So if a man who is uncircumcised keeps the righteous requirements of the law, will not his uncircumcision be counted as circumcision? [2:27] Then he who is physically uncircumcised but keeps the law will condemn you who have the written code and circumcision but break the law. [2:28] For no one is a Jew who is merely one outwardly, nor is circumcision merely something outward and physical. [2:29] But a Jew is one inwardly, and circumcision is a matter of the heart — by the Spirit, not by the written code. His praise is not from men but from God.

In the world it was spoken into

In this passage, the speaker addresses Jewish listeners who pride themselves on their identity as God’s covenant people and their possession of the Torah. In the first-century Jewish context, the Torah was not merely a set of laws but the embodiment of divine wisdom and the foundation of Jewish identity. The speaker critiques those who rely on their knowledge of the Torah and their status as teachers of others but fail to live according to its demands. The terms used— (resting upon), (discerning what is excellent), and (outward form)—highlight the tension between outward adherence to the law and inward moral integrity. The accusation of (sacrilege) would have been particularly jarring, as it implies a profound hypocrisy in those who claim to honor God while dishonoring sacred things. This critique reflects broader Second Temple Jewish debates about the true meaning of covenant faithfulness and the danger of relying on ethnic or religious privilege rather than genuine obedience.

See the receipts

How other translations render this

ROM 2:17

KJV
Behold, thou art called a Jew, and restest in the law, and makest thy boast of God,
BSB
Now you, if you call yourself a Jew; if you rely on the law and boast in God;
Koinōnos
But if you call yourself a Jew and rest upon the law and boast in God

ROM 2:18

KJV
And knowest his will, and approvest the things that are more excellent, being instructed out of the law;
BSB
if you know His will and approve of what is superior because you are instructed by the law;
Koinōnos
and know his will and approve what is excellent, being instructed from the law,

ROM 2:19

KJV
And art confident that thou thyself art a guide of the blind, a light of them which are in darkness,
BSB
if you are convinced that you are a guide for the blind, a light for those in darkness,
Koinōnos
and if you are confident that you yourself are a guide to the blind, a light to those in darkness,

ROM 2:20

KJV
An instructor of the foolish, a teacher of babes, which hast the form of knowledge and of the truth in the law.
BSB
an instructor of the foolish, a teacher of infants, because you have in the law the embodiment of knowledge and truth—
Koinōnos
an instructor of the foolish, a teacher of children — having in the law the embodiment of knowledge and truth —

ROM 2:21

KJV
Thou therefore which teachest another, teachest thou not thyself? thou that preachest a man should not steal, dost thou steal?
BSB
you, then, who teach others, do you not teach yourself? You who preach against stealing, do you steal?
Koinōnos
you then who teach others, do you not teach yourself? You who preach against stealing, do you steal?

ROM 2:22

KJV
Thou that sayest a man should not commit adultery, dost thou commit adultery? thou that abhorrest idols, dost thou commit sacrilege?
BSB
You who forbid adultery, do you commit adultery? You who abhor idols, do you rob temples?
Koinōnos
You who say not to commit adultery, do you commit adultery? You who detest idols, do you rob temples?

ROM 2:23

KJV
Thou that makest thy boast of the law, through breaking the law dishonourest thou God?
BSB
You who boast in the law, do you dishonor God by breaking the law?
Koinōnos
You who boast in the law, do you dishonor God by breaking the law?

ROM 2:24

KJV
For the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles through you, as it is written.
BSB
As it is written: “Godʼs name is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you.”
Koinōnos
For, as it is written, "The name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you.

ROM 2:25

KJV
For circumcision verily profiteth, if thou keep the law: but if thou be a breaker of the law, thy circumcision is made uncircumcision.
BSB
Circumcision has value if you observe the law, but if you break the law, your circumcision has become uncircumcision.
Koinōnos
Circumcision is of value if you keep the law, but if you break the law, your circumcision has become uncircumcision.

ROM 2:26

KJV
Therefore if the uncircumcision keep the righteousness of the law, shall not his uncircumcision be counted for circumcision?
BSB
If a man who is not circumcised keeps the requirements of the law, will not his uncircumcision be regarded as circumcision?
Koinōnos
So if a man who is uncircumcised keeps the righteous requirements of the law, will not his uncircumcision be counted as circumcision?

ROM 2:27

KJV
And shall not uncircumcision which is by nature, if it fulfil the law, judge thee, who by the letter and circumcision dost transgress the law?
BSB
The one who is physically uncircumcised yet keeps the law will condemn you who, even though you have the written code and circumcision, are a lawbreaker.
Koinōnos
Then he who is physically uncircumcised but keeps the law will condemn you who have the written code and circumcision but break the law.

ROM 2:28

KJV
For he is not a Jew, which is one outwardly; neither is that circumcision, which is outward in the flesh:
BSB
A man is not a Jew because he is one outwardly, nor is circumcision only outward and physical.
Koinōnos
For no one is a Jew who is merely one outwardly, nor is circumcision merely something outward and physical.

ROM 2:29

KJV
But he is a Jew, which is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the heart, in the spirit, and not in the letter; whose praise is not of men, but of God.
BSB
No, a man is a Jew because he is one inwardly, and circumcision is a matter of the heart, by the Spirit, not by the written code. Such a manʼs praise does not come from men, but from God.
Koinōnos
But a Jew is one inwardly, and circumcision is a matter of the heart — by the Spirit, not by the written code. His praise is not from men but from God.

Only verses where the wording diverges meaningfully are shown. Identical phrasings are suppressed.

Where the historical framing draws from

  • Josephus, WarsWars 2.8.14
  • Josephus, WarsWars 1.33.2
Josephus, Wars Wars 2.8.14

the Pharisees are those who are esteemed most skillful in the exact explication of their laws, and introduce the first sect.

Cited to ground: the Torah was not merely a set of laws but the embodiment of divine wisdom and the foundation of Jewish identity.

Josephus, Wars Wars 1.33.2

There were two men of learning in the city [Jerusalem,] who were thought the most skillful in the laws of their country, and were on that account had in very great esteem all over the nation

Cited to ground: the Torah was not merely a set of laws but the embodiment of divine wisdom and the foundation of Jewish identity.

Translator's notes

ROM 2:17

  • you rely on:The word translated 'rely on' suggests a deep, settled confidence and trust, like resting one's full weight on something, implying a sense of security derived from that reliance.

ROM 2:18

  • being superior:The term translated 'being superior' carries the sense of excelling or being distinctively better, often implying a recognized advantage or difference in quality.

ROM 2:20

  • embodiment:The word translated 'embodiment' refers to the outward form or shape that gives expression to an inner reality, suggesting a visible manifestation or representation of knowledge.

ROM 2:22

  • do you rob temples?:The phrase 'do you rob temples?' uses a word that specifically means to commit sacrilege by plundering sacred things or places, highlighting a severe religious offense.